Vacant land can appear simple because there is no building to inspect, but the due-diligence process can involve issues that are easy to overlook.

Start with legal access and boundaries. Confirm how the site is reached, whether access is public or private, and whether relevant rights, easements or restrictions exist. Survey and title matters should be handled using appropriate local professionals.

Research planning and permitted use. Zoning or land-use rules may affect what can be built, how the site can be divided, setbacks, density, parking and other development requirements. Do not assume nearby development means the same use is permitted on your parcel.

Utilities are another major consideration. Determine the availability and practical connection requirements for electricity, water, sewer or septic, telecommunications and other necessary services. Distance to infrastructure can affect feasibility and cost.

Review physical site conditions such as topography, drainage, soil, vegetation and access for construction. Depending on the location and intended use, environmental, geotechnical, flood or other specialist investigations may be relevant.

Then build a realistic cost picture. Purchase price is only one component. Include professional studies, approvals, infrastructure, site preparation, holding costs and development-related expenses relevant to your plan.

Finally, define the intended use before evaluating the land. A site can be attractive yet unsuitable for a specific project. Good land due diligence connects the characteristics and restrictions of the parcel to what you actually intend to do with it.